More than 100 million people in the United States and Europe undergo surgical procedures each year. It has been estimated that acute postoperative pain will develop into persistent postoperative surgical pain (PPSP) in as many as 20% to 50% of individuals after common operations (Richebe, 2018). Chronic pain is pain that lasts more than 3 months. Since chronic pain can be severe in up to 10% of these patients, PPSP represents a major clinical problem—affecting at least 450,000 people in the US each year. Inflammation and nerve injury amplifies and maintains pain signaling. Persistent pain is frequently accompanied, indeed caused by chronic inflammation. Our RAP’s (receptor active peptides) balances the inflammation that damages nerves and causes neuropathic, diabetic and other types of pain (Padi, 2012) to promote neuroregeneration and alleviate persistent pain..
